Things To Know About Antihistamines

Antihistamines are common medicines used to manage a number or allergic conditions. Although antihistamines do not cure allergic health issues, they provide instant relief from symptoms. For instance, antihistamines are prescribed to treat following conditions –

• Hay fever or allergic rhinitis – An allergic condition characterized by inflammation of the nose
• Urticaria or eczema – Allergic skin condition characterized by skin rashes with itching and redness
• Allergic conjunctivitis – Eye inflammation caused by allergy
• Skin allergy due to insect bites or stings
• Food allergies

Antihistamines are available in the form of tablets or capsules (oral route of administration), nasal sprays and creams or lotions (topical applications). Many antihistamine medicines are available as over-the-counter (OTC), while few require a medical prescription.

Working

An antihistamine works by changing the cells that are affected by chemical called histamine. In short, it helps the body stop the secretion of histamine. Histamine is a potent chemical that our immune system uses to protect the body against external influence or infection. An antihistamine drug decreases the secretion of histamine to bring down inflammation and eradicate allergic reaction. This way the drug helps one get rid of allergic symptoms.

Types

• First Generation Antihistamines – Causes moderate to severe drowsiness (e.g. Diphenhydramine and Chlorphenamine)
• Second & Third Generation Antihistamines – Causes mild or no drowsiness (e.g. Cetirizine and Loratadine)

Usually, second or third generation antihistamines are recommended. However, that doesn’t mean first generation antihistamines are not prescribed. In fact, sometimes, they are effective in severe allergic reactions. Hence, it is always advised to talk to your doctor before using any allergy medicine.

Safety

Although they are available without prescription, one should not assume that antihistamines are completely safe for everybody. There are certain pros and cons one should look for. These allergy medicines may have unpleasant effects if taken by people who are hypersensitive and who are taking medications such as antidepressants.

It is imperative to take antihistamines as directed by a medical practitioner. Irregular use won’t yield better results, while overdose increases the risk of sedating effects, making you feel extremely dizzy. Before using OTC antihistamines, make sure you read the information leaflet carefully.